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Preparation of Haloalaknes CBSE class 12 chemistry

 Preparation of Haloalaknes

1. From Alkanes

     A. Direct Halogenation (Chlorination)

     When methane react with chlorine gas in presence of       sunlight, green radical substitution takes place and           results in the formation of halogen substituent                   product.

     This method is not used in laboratory to produce               haloalkane, but can be used in industries by                       controlling the reaction. 
  
Chlorination of methane

     B. Bromination 

     Reaction Proceeds in same manner as chlorination.
    

     C. Iodination

     Here HI reacted with strong oxidising agent such as         concentrate Nitric Acid. 

Iodination of Methane

2. From Alkenes 

     When any unsymmetrical alkene take participate in         Markovnikov's Addition Reaction results in the                   formation of alkene. 

     According to Markovnikov's Addition Reaction                   principal product formation always take place by a           more  stable carbocation.  
Markovnikov's Addition Reaction CBSE class 12

3. Allylic Substitution Reaction

      Reagents: 
  • Halogen at high temp (400°c to 500°c).
  • NBS ( n-Bromosuccinamide) only for Br.
  • SO²Cl² (only for Cl).
Allylic Substitution Reaction CBSE class 12
 

4. From Alcohol 

Reactions of alcohol

 5. By Halogen Exchange Method 

        Finkelstein Reaction is used for the preparation of            alkyle iodide. 

Halogen exchange


تعليق واحد

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